All About Our Ingredients

Eggshell membrane collagen is a clinically proven ingredient with capacity to fight the main signs of skin aging. Eggshell membrane is a rich source of collagen types I, V, and X, hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, elastin and dermatan sulphate.
Health benefits of the eggshell membrane collagen include smoothing out wrinkles & fine lines, improving skin elasticity and firmness, fighting skin dryness, and attenuating dark spots.

Named after the Greek goddess able to ‘heal all’, Panacea, the herb Panax ginseng has been used fro various medicinal purposes since ancient times. Panax ginseng is recognized for its ability to effectively fight fatigue, give more energy, boost immunity and libido. It can also normalize the hormonal balance and improve fertility in females.

The olive has long been a symbol of long life, prosperity and peace, in many cultures and religions for over five thousand years. Also referred to as oleuropein, the name of its main component, olive leaf extract is derived from the leaves of the plant that bears olives, a tree called Olea Europaea. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, oleuropein has been found to be effective in treating a range of ailments and diseases, from bacterial and viral infections, to chronic inflammation and arthritis, to metabolic conditions such as diabetes.

Mucuna pruriens (or just Mucuna) also known as velvet bean or cowhage is a tropical legume native to China and eastern India. It has been used in Ayurveda and Chinese traditional medicine since 1500 B.C. Beans of Mucuna contain between 4-7% pre-formed L-DOPA, the precursor to dopamine, which can cross the blood brain barrier and improve motivation, pleasure, memory, sleep, motoric activity and emotions. It also promotes healthy levels of sex drive and appetite.

Milk Thistle, otherwise known as Silybum Marianum, is an annual plant native to Southern Europe and Asia. The ingredients in milk thistle are a group of plant flavonoid antioxidants collectively known as silymarin. Silymarin acts as a gatekeeper to the liver. When consumed, it binds itself to the outside of the liver cell and fights off any unwanted toxins that may try to enter. It also seeks out toxins that have already got in and neutralises them before they can do any more damage. Silymarin can also help liver cell regeneration. It also prevents the depletion of glutathione, the most important antioxidant produced by human cells that is essential for full body detox process. Silymarin can also improve insulin sensitivity, blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Magnolia is a beautiful fragrant and flowering tree that has an ancient history of medical use in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean medicine. Magnolia is a perfect sedative, directly helping to facilitate sleep. It also works as an anxiolytic, helping to lower anxiety and reduce stress. Bioactive compounds in magnolia bark can reduce adrenaline, a hormone strongly associated with stress, which stimulates vigilance and alertness. Other research indicates magnolia may suppress unhealthful levels of cortisol, another significant stress-related hormone.

Native to the Andes Mountains in Peru, maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a vegetable which root has been used for culinary and medicinal purposes for over 2,000 years. Maca root provides sustained energy throughout the day which can help feel more awake and may also improve mood, memory and focus. Maca is also known as a prized aphrodisiac. It can boost libido in both men and women which is often low in people with mood disorder. In men, it can also improve prostate function and testosterone levels throughout many ages and stages of life. In women, it may help balance hormones such as estrogen and cortisol.

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) is an herb from a mint family native to the Mediterranean region. It has been cultivated for well over 2,000 years and used as a medicine thanks to its calming and “antistress” action, promoting sleep and relaxation. Its calming and sleep-promoting properties are mostly due to the presence of hydroxycinnamic and rosmarinic acids.

These compounds inhibit GABA transaminase enzyme in the brain that is responsible for breaking down GABA neurotransmitter. This in turn helps maintain adequate levels of GABA resulting in relaxation, calming effect and sleep promotion.

Except for promoting sleep, lemon balm is also used for stress relief, and reduction of anxiety attacks. It also helps with focus, concentration, reduces irritability and depression, and improves memory and learning retention during the day.

Grape seed extract is rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs), flavonoids and catechin polyphenol antioxidants. Grape seeds have the potential to keep healthy blood pressure. In fact, proanthocyanidins directly modulates angiotensin-converting enzyme and indirectly regulate endothelially generated nitrogen oxidase, resulting in a healthy levelling of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. By protecting brain cells from oxidative stress and inflammation as well as regulating blood pressure and improving cerebrovascular circulation, it has also been shown to be effective in improving mood, stress management and quality of life, but also in reducing perceived stress and worries.

Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is the beautiful exotic looking plant revered by the mountain people of Peru for thousands of years for its sedative and anxiolytic effects. Passionflower is used to calm free-running thoughts in individuals with insomnia. Its calming and sleep-promoting properties are attributed to a compound called chrysin which binds to GABA receptors in the brain. Passionflower also very gently, and naturally works to normalize and regulate serotonin in the brain. Users of this herb often report that their symptoms show great improvement: less anxiety, better sleep and increased sense of being able to deal with life’s challenges.

Peppermint is one of the oldest culinary herbs that enhance the flavor and aroma of the dish and offers a range of potential health benefits. Peppermint is an excellent reliever of digestive symptoms, such as gas, bloating and indigestion. It also prevents smooth muscles from contracting, which could relieve gut spasms and abdominal pain.

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), also known as wild asparagus, is an adaptogenic herb used for thousands of years in Ayurveda. ‘Shatavari’ means ‘who is accepted by a hundred husbands’, as the plant is extremely beneficial in promoting fertility and libido in women.

Shatavari can also boost immunity and reduce the symptoms of dyspepsia, neuropathy, liver diseases, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. It also calms the nervous system and enhances mental stability.

Saw palmetto is a natural extract that comes from the berries of small palm trees. By promoting healthy circulation and sustaining healthy hormone balance in men, saw palmetto can help maintain a healthy erection and support a healthy libido. Another benefit of saw palmetto is that it may reduce hair loss by blocking the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into DHT and reducing the consumption of DHT by the hair follicle.

It can also support prostate health and reduce the risk and symptoms of benign prostate enlargement (including difficulty urinating), by reducing the inflammation and swelling of prostate gland.

Sage’s (Salvia officinalis) reputation and benefits as a medicinal herb used all over the world can be traced back for many centuries. It has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for menopause to help relieve a range of symptoms including mood swings, hot flushes and night sweats. Scientific evidence backs up these traditional claims too. Studies found a reduction in menopausal hot flushes and mood swings by up to 50% in just four weeks.

Sage is also a classic herb to soothe irritations and soreness of the throat, which is typically where symptoms of sickness begin. Another incredible health benefit of sage is that it is helpful for improving memory and senses. Sage can help us remember things more efficiently.

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a bulbous perennial plant native to India and the Eastern Mediterranean used for centruries. It is often considered as the most expensive spice by weight. Crocin and safranal are the most pharmacologically active components of saffron.

Saffron can increase libido and sexual function, improve mood and memory and reduce anxiety. Saffron increases the levels in the brain of important mood-elevating neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and glutamate. It also increases levels of neuronal growth factors BDNF and NFG and acts anti-inflammatory on neuronal cells.

Herbalists have long prized Red Clover for its traditional use as a blood purifier, using it to eliminate toxins from the bloodstream. Nowadays, it is one of the most effective and well known herb for women’s health, used as a remedy for menstrual and menopausal symptoms relief.

Red Clover a is rich in isoflavones which are estrogen mimicking flavonoids that can contribute to maintaining normal estrogen levels during the menopause. This is especially helpful in reducing hot flashes, night sweats, bloating and mood changes –most common symptoms experienced by women in this change of life.

Pygeum is an African cherry tree. The people of the Zulu tribe have used it as a medicine for a long time. Pygeum acts by reducing prostate and bladder inflammation and enhancing healthy blood flow. It has been shown to be particularly useful in achieving and maintaining erections in men with prostate enlargement and prostatitis. It can also improve the quality of seminal fluid and boost healthy prostate secretions.

Pygeum also inhibits the enzyme 5-alpha reductase so that less DHT is made which is great for hair loss reduction, and it has hormone-balancing effects that support ample testosterone levels and libido.

Ginkgo biloba (or just Ginkgo) is one of the oldest species of trees on earth. Scientists consider it a “living fossil” dating back 270 million years. It has continued to survive even after major extinction events. By improving cerebrovascular circulation ginkgo can enhance more blood, oxygen and nutrients delivery to the brain and subsequently lead to better cognition, concnetration and focus, improved memory, reduced mental fatigue and reduced mood swings. It can also act as a powerful antioxidant reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a well-known herb that has been used traditionally for thousands of years in India and China and for more than 1,000 years in Europe. Containing more than 400 biological constituents, ginger has a broad spectrum of health benefits such as preventing nausea, antimicrobial, cholesterol and blood sugar regulating, anticancer, antioxidant, immune boosting and anti-inflammatory. In addition, ginger is also a powerful bioenhancer. It regulates the intestinal function to facilitate absorption and bioavailability of many minerals, vitamins and phytonutrients (e.g. curcumin, quercetin, CBD, etc.).

Apocynum venetum also known as Rafuma is a herb that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and is also consumed as food and tea for mood, anti-stress, and sleep support.

When taken in the morning, Apocynum venetum boosts mood by preventing the degradation of serotonin in the bloodstream throughout the day, which results in increased production of melatonin at night, allowing for better quality sleep throughout the night.

Traditionally used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, fenugreek is an herb with thousands of years of documented health benefits. The seeds of this plant are rich in saponins and coumarins, bioactive compounds that have been linked to many health benefits such as lowering blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Fenugreek seeds also contain compounds called furostanolic saponins that increase testosterone production hence it can enhance muscular strength, boost physical performance as well as increase sperm count, sexual desire and arousal in males.

Fennel seeds can stimulate the secretion of digestive juices and enzymes that improves digestion. Due to its excellent digestive properties, as well as the fact that it is antimicrobial, fennel seeds are excellent for reducing gas. By improving digestive movement, fennel seeds allow easy passage of bowels without excessive gas build-up. And with its antimicrobial effect (mainly from the anethole, an organic compound in the seed) it prevents bacteria from growing and releasing gases in the first place.

Elderberries (Sambucus nigra) are used throughout the world for centuries to help relieve the discomfort of cold and cough symptoms and to boost the immune system. Elderberries are not only rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) and anthocyanins that protect against oxidative-stress and boost immune health but also possess compounds with direct antimicrobial properties. The most important feature of the plant is the presence of compounds that physically block respiratory viruses from invading our cells. Elderberry extract is a valuable ingredient for boosting immunity and reducing the risk of respiratory infections during flu and common cold seasons.

Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia) is a perennial plant, which roots are of particular medicinal benefit. It is also known as American cone flower and has a long history of medicinal use, especially in North America, with various traditional applications. Nowadays, it is the one of the most widely used herbal supplements in the United States for immune system support, reducing the risk of infections, but also clearing up some of the symptoms of colds, flu and other infections. as well as speeding up recovery time. It is recommended to people with poor immunity and recurrent infections, especially during the flu and common cold seasons.

Celery seed extract possess strong anti-inflammatory effects that can additionally boost the effects of systemic enzymes. Celery extract has proven to lessen the likelihood of a stroke and improve blood flow while reducing joint pain and aches and cleansing the body of harmful toxins.

Cardamom has been used for thousands of years to help with digestion. Cardamom is known to stimulate the secretion of bile acid in the stomach, further aiding in digestion of fats. The spice also prevents other gastrointestinal ailments like acid reflux, heartburn and diarrhea. Research also suggests that cardamom may protect against Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria linked to the development of most stomach ulcer issues.

Boswellia Serrata aromatic resin is an ancient Ayurvedic remedy that has been used for centuries to address inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma. Resin contains boswellic acids that can block the production of leukotrienes, hormone-like substances that act as triggers for inflammation. Boswellia is a perfect joint helper that can support cartilage production, stimulate joint tissue growth, increase bone mineralization and enhance blood flow to joints supporting its mobility, integrity and strength.

Ashwagandha is one of the most powerful herbs in Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India. It is an adaptogen, a class of herbs that can increase the body’s ability to cope with everyday stress while creating an overall feeling of balance and well-being. It does this by lowering levels of stress hormone cortisol and balancing thyroid hormones.

Ashwagandha also reduces anxiety by regulating GABA and serotonin neurotransmitters in the brain. It can provide energy and mental clarity to a sluggish person, yet can also help with sleep. It is also a natural libido and fertility booster for both men and women.

Among many other benefits, this miracle of nature also helps immune system work properly by reducing inflammation, improving white blood cell count, and increasing antibodies production.

Vitex berry, also known as Vitex agnus-castus or chasteberry or Monk’s pepper is a beautiful shrub native to Greece and Italy whose berries have been used in herbal medicine for centuries. It is also known as a “women’s herb”, that can help with gynaecological and reproductive problems by alleviating PMS symptoms and improving fertility via regulation of ovulation, menstrual cycle and female sex hormones levels.

Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) are one of the world’s oldest known spices. Sesamin and sesamol are major active compounds found in sesame known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, protect heart and blood vessels and can potentially reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sesame seeds also contain phytoestrogens, plant compounds that are similar to the hormone estrogen. Therefore, sesame seeds might be beneficial for women when estrogen levels drop during menopause. For example, phytoestrogens may help counteract hot flashes and other symptoms of low estrogen.

Cranberries are a common small, dark red berry with many health benefits that have been used by North American populations as a food and medicine for centuries. They are the richest source of unique antioxidants called A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs A), which have been shown to provide benefits that help reduce the occurrence of certain infections, help protect the urinary tract, promote heart health, and improve digestion. PACs A can stop the bacteria such as E.coli from sticking to the bladder wall, so the bacteria are unable to hang around long enough to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Since women are very vulnerable to UTIs, with the lifetime risk of having a UTI higher than 50%, cranberry extract rich in PACs A is a perfect natural supplement for women health.

Silica is the third most abundant trace mineral in the body after iron and zinc. Silica creates bonds between collagen molecules which helps the skin retain water: crucial for cell repair and renewal.

Silica also stimulates fibroblasts, which secrete collagen type I – the type of collagen found in abundance in youthful skin. Consuming collagen and silica, which support collagen synthesis, naturally boosts healthy and glowing skin.

In youth, the body naturally produces higher levels of collagen and absorbs more silica from food, reflected in wrinkle-free skin. But as we age (from as early as our mid-twenties!), both collagen and its biggest supporter, silica, rapidly decline, which can reduce skin elasticity, strength, and elasticity.

This rapid decline in collagen and silica can cause several other symptoms, including:

• Slow-growing and thin hair
• Wrinkles, fine lines, and aged skin
• Brittle nails

Silica has many benefits for the skin including the following:

• It stimulates collagen production, which combats sagging skin
• It increases elastin production, providing elasticity to skin
• It has a detoxifying action as it promotes tissue and skin detoxification. It is especially effective in eliminating aluminum from the body
• It improves joint flexibility by caring for cartilage and protecting ligaments
• It improves sunburn, protects the skin from free radicals and cellular oxidation, and improves the appearance of wrinkles as it improves skin hydration

Bamboo leaf has the highest amounts of silica in nature. That’s why we use bamboo leaf extract standardized to 70% of silica.

Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant that can be found in many foods including black and green tea, apples, red onions, grapes, green leafy vegetables, and berries to name a few. Flowers of Japanese Pagoda Tree (Sophora japonica) represents the one of the richest sources of quercetin. Supplementation with quercetin can help reduce the formation of free radicals and pro-inflammatory substances, and potentially reduce joint inflammation, improve cardiovascular health, reduce the risk of allergies and boost immunity.

L-carnitine is important compound found in every cell of our body that assists in fat metabolism, hence playing an important role in supporting energy production and burning fats. It is necessary for the proper functioning of the heart and skeletal muscles. Without enough L-carnitine in the system the body is unable to effectively transport fats into the mitochondria, which can therefore lead to the accumulation of fat due to the inability for them to be broken down and used as energy.

L-theanine is a non-dietary amino acid found in green tea. L-theanine boosts neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and GABA as well as increasing the levels of brain growth factors Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), while decreasing levels of norepinephrine. These combined chemical changes leads to increase in alpha brain waves and decrease in beta brain waves, which produce a state of relaxation without drowsiness. By promoting relaxation and positive feelings, L-theanine helps people fall asleep faster and sleep better.

Lutein is natural antioxidant carotenoid found in dark green, leafy vegetables. It is important components of the macular pigment in the eye, which is responsible for clear vision, focus and color differentiation. Supplementation with lutein can enhance the sharpness of vision, improve visual contrast sensitivity, reduce glare impairment, protect eye tissue from sunlight damage and reduce cell loss and death related to eye disease.

Lycopene is a carotenoid antioxidant that contributes to the red and pink pigments in tomatoes, watermelon, guava, pink grapefruit, papaya, and other plant foods.

Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that can help protect cells from damage by eliminating free radicals. Free radicals are thought to damage cells, potentially leading to diseases like cancer. Antioxidants like lycopene can help the body eliminate those radicals to reduce damage and promote healthy cells.

Unlike beta-carotene, lycopene has no pro-vitamin A activity, but that doesn’t mean it provides nothing beyond a feast for the eyes. Lycopene has been shown to protect against age-related macular degeneration, a condition that leads to vision loss in older adults.

Taking lycopene may also have a protective effect on the heart and blood vessels. Several studies have shown that high levels of lycopene are associated with a lower risk of stroke and incidence of cardiovascular disease.

This phytonutrient is also beneficial for men’s health, particularly prostate health. Lycopene acts on the cell cycle of healthy prostatic cells by regulating the division and growth of prostatic tissue. Thus, lycopene can reduce the risk of a condition known as benign prostate enlargement – abnormal growth of the human prostate that is not necessarily malignant. It may also prevent the disease’s progression in active benign prostate enlargement cases.

Phytomelatonin is a melatonin of plant origin. Melatonin is a hormone primarily produced in the pineal gland. Pineal gland acts as body’s central clock through its secretion of melatonin, telling the brain, body and organs when it’s time to be active and when it’s time to rest. This is the reason why melatonin is referred to as the “sleep hormone”. When taken as a supplement, phytomelatonin doesn’t force our body to sleep like prescritpion sleeping pills do. Instead, it tricks the brain into thinking it’s sunset, making it wind down and get ready for sleep. Research shows that melatonin is effective in improving quality of sleep and how fast a person went to sleep. Many have found that melatonin helps regulate disrupted circadian rhythms caused by jet lag or night shift work.

Piperine is a natural substance extracted from black pepper (Piper nigrum). Piperine can increase the absorption of various nutrients, by supporting the blood flow to the gut, blile acid production and the function of the gut’s absorptive cells. This would allow more of the active ingredient to be absorbed and utilized by the body. For instance, piperine enhances curcumin absorption by up to 2,000%.

Rutin is a powerful bioflavonoid antioxidant (also known as Vitamin P) that comes from a variety of foods like apples, figs, and buckwheat. Like all antioxidants, rutin helps defend immune system by protecting against cellular damage from free radicals, which cause DNA damage and can lead to diseases and even cancers. Rutin can also decrease the risk of clot formations and potentially reduce the risk of cerebrovascular diseases. It is also a great bioenhancer that can enhance absoprtion of various vitamins and minerals.

Silymarin reprsents a a group of flavonoid antioxidants found in Milk Thistle plant. Silymarin acts as a gatekeeper to the liver. When consumed, it binds itself to the outside of the liver cell and fights off any unwanted toxins that may try to enter. It also seeks out toxins that have already got in and neutralises them before they can do any more damage. Silymarin can also help liver cell regeneration. It also prevents the depletion of glutathione, the most important antioxidant produced by human cells that is essential for full body detox process. Silymarin can also improve insulin sensitivity, blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Sunflower lecithin phospholipids are a great choice to enhance the bioavailability of the curcumin and other fat-soluble nutrients.

Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in red and purple grapes, blueberries, cranberries, mulberries, lingonberries, peanuts, and pistachios. Resveratrol is also very abundant in the roots of Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum). In 1992, two Cornell University plant scientists suggested that resveratrol might be responsible for the cardiovascular benefits of red wine. Since then, hundreds of reports have indicated that resveratrol may protect against cardiovascular disease, cancer, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, and extend the life span. Resveratrol exists as two isomeric forms (cis and trans), yet the trans form is the predominant form and it has the most potent therapeutic benefits owing to the lower steric hindrance of its side chains.

Zeaxanthin is natural antioxidant carotenoid found in dark green, leafy vegetables. It is important components of the macular pigment in the eye, which is responsible for clear vision, focus and color differentiation. Supplementation with zeaxanthin can enhance the sharpness of vision, improve visual contrast sensitivity, reduce glare impairment, protect eye tissue from sunlight damage and reduce cell loss and death related to eye disease.

Hesperidin is a flavonoid antioxidant that can be found in the white inner skin components of citrus fruits together with other citrus flavonoids. It has been shown to be protective against cardiovascular disease and stroke by improving vascular function and regulating cholesterol levels. In addition, it is perfect natural bioenhancer that can boost the absorption and bioavailability of many vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major omega-3 fatty acid found in fish and seafood, is an essential omega-3 fatty acid which together with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) represent an integral part of all cell membranes that human body depends on. EPA may improve high cholesterol and high blood pressure, enhance cognitive function in adults, and promote normal fetal, infant, and child brain development. Studies have also shown that both DHA and EPA help support healthy labor and delivery outcomes. It has also been known to support a healthy mood and well-being in the postpartum period. We use vegan-friendly EPA derived from algal oil.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major omega-3 fatty acid found in fish and seafood, is an essential omega-3 fatty acid, which together with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) represent an integral part of all cell membranes that human body depends on. DHA may improve high cholesterol and high blood pressure, enhance cognitive function in adults, and promote normal fetal, infant, and child brain development. Studies have also shown that both DHA and EPA help support healthy labor and delivery outcomes. It also supports healthy mood and well-being in the postpartum period. We use vegan-friendly DHA derived from algal oil.

Alpha lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant naturally present in both plants and animals. It plays vital roles in cellular energy production, protection against free radicals and heavy metal poisoining as well as enhancing the activity of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and coenzyme Q-10. This antioxidant supports nerve health, cardiovascular function, glucose metabolism and insulin signalling. It may potentially also diminish effects of oxidative-stress induced infertility.

Allicin, a compound released when garlic cloves are crushed or chewed, is described as the “mother” substance of the garlic. This powerful ingredient can boost immunity and protect against infections caused by many bacteria, fungi and viruses including E .Coli, H. pylori, Streptococci, Staphylococci, Candida albicans, Influenza, Coronaviruses, etc.

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring orange-red carotenoid pigment found in certain species of animals (e.g. lobster, shrimps, crabs, salmon) and microalgae. It is known as “The King of Carotenoids”, and one of the nature’s most powerful antioxidants, found to be 6,000X stronger than vitamin C, 800X stronger than coenzyme Q10 and 550X stronger than vitamin E. More than thousand clinical and pre-clinical studies demonstrated astaxanthin’s benefits for brain health, cardiovascular support, joint support, eye health, skin health, antiaging, and athletic performance.

Curcumin is the main active ingredient of the rhizome of turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), which powder has traditionally been used for more than 5 000 years by many Asian cultures to treat a wide variety of ailments.

Based on strong scientific evidence from more than 15 000 studies published in the last 20 years, curcumin is nowadays considered as one of the most powerful anti-inflammatory compounds found in nature able to reduce the risk of inflammatory chronic diseases development and progression. Studies showed that curcumin can reduce joint pain and stiffness, improve endothelial function of blood vessels, reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and potentially mitigate the cascade of events that leads to heart attacks and strokes. It can also cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the formation of beta-amyloid fibrils involved in Alzheimer’s disease development. It also acts as an antidepressant as effectively as some prescription drugs. Curcumin is able to boost immunity and potentially reduce the risk of infections, autoimmune diseases, allergies and even cancer.

Coenzyme Q10 or shortly CoQ10, also known as “ubiquinone”, is a molecule found in nearly every cell in the body. CoQ10 stimulates the cell’s powerhouse, an organelle called the mitochondria, to produce more energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, CoQ10 serves as an antioxidant in both the mitochondria and cell membranes by preventing oxidative stress and the degradation of these cellular parts.

As we age, production of CoQ10 decreases and its deficiency has been linked with many age-related diseases. Supplementing with CoQ10 can help improve energy metabolism, reduce fatigue, boost workout intensity and duration and improve cardiovascular and liver health.

Ceramide is a naturally occurring fat that makes up over 50% of the skin and provides water retention and healthy function of the epidermal layers. As we age the skin loses ceramides. Up to 50% can be lost between age 20 and age 70. When taken orally, ceramide helps restore the skin’s ceramides content. It is the ultimate moisturizer, giving the skin smooth and youthful appearance, replenishing the wrinkles and giving a healthy glow.

Betaine hydrochloride is a vitamin-like substance and powerful digestive aid found in many different foods such as sugar beets, grains, and spinach. This compound can profoundly benefit individuals suffering from digestive upsets or a deficiency of stomach acid production. Betaine hydrochloride helps the stomach break down fat and protein in the food. It also assists the body’s detoxification processes. It helps the body digest food and assimilate nutrients like protein, vitamin B12, calcium, and iron. It is particularly recommended in elderly in whom stomach acid levels are decreased.

Berberine is a bioactive alkaloid compound that can be extracted from several different plants, including a group of shrubs called Berberis. It has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various ailments including diabetes and infertility. The scientifically proven medicinal properties and uses of berberine include: anti-diabetic effects, supporting the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), lowering blood pressure, regulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood and supporting weight loss.

Taking essential amino acid L-arginine as a supplement can benefit both male and female fertility, and is often recommended for couples trying to conceive.

In females, it is instrumental in helping the body produce nitric oxide (NO), a molecule that relaxes and widens the blood vessels, promoting blood flow to the uterus and ovaries. It can also increase egg quality by increasing the blood supply to the ovaries.

L-arginine also boosts production of cervical mucus through improved blood flow which helps sperm move up the cervix to fertilize an egg. Additional benefits of L-arginine include enhanced energy, improved mental acuity, and better muscle recovery after exercise.

Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are submicroscopic bundles of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein shell that are abundant in nature including in seawater, soil, fermented foods as well as in animals and humans. Their main drive is to target and overtake bad bacteria to support normal gut microbiota, digestive and urinary tract health, and immune function. They can accelerate growth of a broad spectrum of probiotic species including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus.

Saccharomyces boulardi is a probiotic yeast with proven benefits for human health. It is best known as the must-have travel supplement. This intelligent probiotic has been well researched for its powerful ability to help prevent travellers’ diarrhea, a significant problem which is estimated to affect more than 60% of those travelling to developing countries. Saccharomyces boulardii releases 1,500 different substances, including amino acids, nucleic acids, polyamines, antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), B vitamins, minerals, and prebiotics such as beta-glucan, which enhance nutrition of the host and of the microbiota. It also improves digestion and inhibits the growth of pathogenic gut bacteria and yeasts.

Acacia fiber is the gum released from the acacia tree. It is an excellent prebiotic that ferments in the intestines and boosts the growth of commensal bacteria that have important physiological and health benefits for the host. This soluble fiber also supports and strethgens gut barrier by encouraging the growth of specific probiotic bacteria strains that produce gut-nourishing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Studies also found that it can reduce increased blood cholesterol levels.

Bacillus coagulans is a unique strain of spore-forming probiotic bacteria. In their spore form, the bacteria are dormant encased in an outer shell, allowing them to withstand the harshest environments. When they encounter the perfect conditions of temperature, pH, and moisture in the large intestine, they revert to their active form. This bacteria produces amtimicrobial compounds coagulin and lactic acid to combat the growth of unfriendly pathogenic bacteria. It protects gut after antibiotic exposure, boosts immunity and stimulates the growth of friendly bacteria. It can also reduce bloating, gas and abdmonial pain caused by IBS or lactose intolerance.

Bacillus subtilis is a unique spore-forming probiotic bacteria that can survive in extreme conditions of heat and desiccation in the environment. For example, its spores can live up to six years in space if covered by dust that protects them from solar UV rays. As a probiotic, Bacillus subtilis produces a range of proteases and other enzymes. That’s enabling it to degrade a diversity of natural substrates and promote nutrient cycling. It can also lower intestinal inflammation, heal the mucosal lining, and improve barrier function. This results in reduced blood levels of toxins that are a hallmark of leaky-gut syndrome. Its benefits also include improved digestive health and IBS symptoms, immune system function, and lipid metabolism.

Bifidobacterium bifidum is one of the most common probiotic bacteria that are found in the human body. During adulthood, the levels of Bifidobacteria decrease considerably but remain relatively stable until they start decreasing again in old age. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium bifidum can help restore healthy gut bacteria during and after antibiotic use, reduce the risk of traveller’s diarrhea, improve IBS and IBD symptoms, aid in the regulation of blood sugar and cholesterol and boost immunity.

Bifidobacterium lactis is a multi-purpose probiotic bacteria that lives in the gut. It is a powerful strain responsible for breaking down body waste and aiding in the absorption of vitamins and minerals. It has been proven to improve digestion, reduce the symptoms of lactose and gluten intolerance, improve respiratory function, enhance immune system and potentially even fight tumor growths.

Bifidobacterium longum is a probiotic bacteria known for being resistant to gastric acid and bile. This means that it is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach and more effectively fight against bad bacteria and other harmful substances in the intestines. Bifidobacterium longum produces folate and helps to lower toxic homocysteine levels in the blood. It is also able to both raise and lower the pH balance of the intestines in order to help maintain a healthy bacteria balance in the gut. Levels of Bifidobacterium decline with age, making supplementation wise.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a gut-friendly bacteria found in our intestines, mouth and vaginal flora. It is best known for producing enzyme lactase, which can improve digestion of milk sugars and symptoms of lactose intolerance and for the production of lactic acid that prevents colonization of harmful bacteria. This probiotic strain has also been shown to help restoring healthy gut bacteria during and after antibiotic use, reduce the risk of travellers diarrhea, improve vaginal health and potentially protect against allergies.

Lactobacillus brevis is a lactic-acid producing bacterium particularly abundant in the intestines and vaginal environment. Supplementation with Lactobacillus brevis can positively affect human health by protecting stomach from Helicobacter pylori, boosting immunity and even support cognitive function. This bacterium can also stimulate the production of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), which possesses a remarkable capability to repair brain damage.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a lactic-acid producing bacterium found in the digestive tract. It is widely used as a starter culture due to its ability to ferment in anaerobic environments such as in the lactose fermentation of milk. Supplementation with Lactobacillus bulgaricus can positively affect human health by improving lactose intolerance, preventing the colonozation of harmful bacteria in the gut and enahncing the gut barrier.

Lactobacillus casei is a lactic-acid producing bacteria naturally present in the human intestinal tract and reproductive system, as well as in foods such as raw and fermented plant or dairy products. Supplementation with Lactobacillus casei can positively affect human health by improving milk digestion and reducing lactose intolerance symptoms, reducing the risk of allergies, boosting immunity and reducing the risk of viral infections such as rotavirus.

Streptococcus thermophilus is a type of probiotic bacteria that lives in the human body’s digestive, urinary, and genital systems. It is very resistant to high temperatures, hence the terminology as thermophilus. Supplementing with Streptococcus thermophilus may improve the symptoms of lactose intolerance, digestion of casein (aiding in muscle recovery and growth), regeneration of epithelial gut tissue and may boost immunity.

Lactobacillus salivarius is a type of bacteria prevalent in our saliva. However, it is also present in the colon, small intestines and vaginal flora. Compared to other probiotics, Lactobacillus salivarius grows very fast. Because of this it crowds out bad bacteria quickly. It even aids in the digestion of proteins. Supplementation with Lactobacillus salivarius can positively affect human health by supporting oral health, reducing the risk of Candida and Helicobacter pylori infections and even reducing the symptoms of asthma by decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and allergen-induced airway responses.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a lactic-acid producing bacteria commonly found in our intestines and vaginal environment. It has the ability to activate other beneficial microbes by sending out signalling factors that act as friendly messages to other microbes – in the microbiology world, this is called quorum sensing. Processes controlled by quorum sensing include spores formation, antimicrobial compounds production and biofilm formation. It also fixes tight junctions (the area between cells in the gut) that have been damaged by proteins, toxins, antigens, allergens or other potentially harmful ingested compounds and potentially reduce the risk of “leaky gut”.

Lactobacillus reuteri is a lactic-acid producing bacteria found in the human gut, urinary tract, skin, and breast milk. It produces its own antibiotic called reuterin that slows the growth of harmful pathogens. Women who take Lactobacillus reuteri supplements while breast-feeding are more likely to transfer these helpful bacteria to their infant. New research also suggests that Lactobacillus reuteri increases the number of regulatory Tcells (Tregs) cells in the intestines and may potentially reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases. Since food sources of Lactobacillus reuteri are dairy products and meat, most vegans and vegetarians lack this bacterium, so supplements are important.

Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic bacteria commonly found in the human gut, and saliva. It is also present in foods such as sourdough bread, sauerkraut, kimchi, and olive brine. Lactobacillus plantarum is best known as one of the most ‘hardy’ strains of probiotics, thanks to its ability to withstand a huge variety of different temperatures. It is also unique as it produces its own antibiotics such as lactolin that intelligently targets bad bacteria. This probiotic also makes lysine, an essential amino acid, B-group vitamins riboflavin (B2) and folate (B9) and can boost iron absorption. It also supports skin health and produces mucin that protects the gut lining, repair gut damage, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome.

Lactobacillus paracasei is an lactic acid-producing bacteria often used in the fermentation of dairy products. Supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei can positively affect human health by boosting immunity, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut, producing anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects and improving intestinal integrity.

Lactobacillus gasseri is a probiotic organism found naturally in the digestive, genital and urinary systems of the body as well as in breast milk, dairy products and some fermented foods. This probiotic bacterium can support weight loss by regulating the hormone leptin. Leptin is a hormone made by the fat cells that helps maintain energy by suppressing hunger. It is believed that many obese people are desensitized to this hormone, which may lead to overeating. It can also potentially reduce triglyceride levels, fat accumulation and pro-inflammatory markers production in the fat tissue.

Malt Diastase is an enzyme found in malt produced during the germination of the seeds. It is effective in converting starch into maltose which is then transformed into sugar (glucose).

Discovered in the early 1970s, this proteolytic enzyme was isolated from the Serratia species of bacteria located in the intestines of silkworms. It supports circulatory health by promoting normal blood clotting, reducing the appearance of varicose veins and removing atherosclerotic plaque along the arterial wall.

This enzyme also possesses a potent anti-inflammatory action caused by rheumatoid arthritis, muscle and joint inflammation and research has shown profound benefits in the management of post-operative swelling and pain. It can also improve respiratory conditions including sinusitis and bronchitis by reducing the viscosity of mucus and facilitating drainage.

Serrapeptase demonstrates the ability to reduce capillary permeability, breaks down abnormal proteins, facilitates the absorption of decomposed products through the blood and lymphatics, and has a regulating effect on immune cell migration from the lymph nodes to inflamed and injured tissue.

In addition, serrapeptase is able to dissolve byproducts (damaged and dead tissue) of the healing response, without harming living tissue. This makes serrapeptase an effective broad-spectrum enzyme-based therapeutic to combat the symptoms of inflammation.

Overall health benefits:

• Supports circulatory health by promoting normal blood clotting, reducing the appearance of varicose veins, and removing atherosclerotic plaque without damaging any of the healthy cells along the arterial wall
• Reduces inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis and muscle and joint inflammation
• Reduces postoperative swelling and inflammation by up to 50%
• Reduces cheek swelling and pain after dental surgery
• Soothes redness
• Improves wound healing and repair
• Improves respiratory conditions including sinusitis and bronchitis by reducing the viscosity of mucus and facilitating drainage
• Reduces breast tenderness and swelling due to its fibrinolytic and proteolytic properties
• Breaks down biofilm

Many of the plants that we eat, such as corn, grains, seeds, legumes, soybeans and most cereals, contain high amounts of phytic acid, which we can’t digest. Referred to as an “anti-nutritional factor”, phytic acid can reduce our ability to absorb nutrients within cereal grains, creating insoluble complexes with minerals, as well as proteins. Phytase is an enzyme found in some plants that breaks down phytic acid. During the chemical reaction, phytase also frees phosphate, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, and manganese, which makes these nutrients available for the body to use.

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down fatty foods rich in triglycerides into their component fatty acid and glycerol molecules so the intestines can absorb them. Without this enzyme we would be unable to digest fatty foods like eggs, bacon, fatty fish or meat, butter, avocado, olive oil, pizza, etc. Having sufficient lipase levels also helps our body to properly absorb vitamins and minerals from the foods we eat. Deficiency of digestive lipase results in gastrointestinal problems, indigestion, and skin rashes related to digestive allergies.

Lactase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar naturally found in milk that contributes to its sweetness. This enzyme breaks down lactose into simple sugars glucose and galactose. Around 70 percent of the world’s adult population may be lactase deficient, especially those of East Asian, West African, Arab, Jewish, Greek or Italian descent. Taking lactase-containing supplements before consuming milk or milk products helps in the digestion of lactose and reduces the symptoms such as diarrhea, cramps, and gas in people with lactose intolerance.

Invertase is the enzyme that breaks down sucrose (table sugar) into simple sugars (glucose and fructose). Invertase’s ability to break down the bond between fructose and glucose makes it a vital part of the digestion of complex sugars into blood sugar (glucose) which can be used as a ready fuel source by the body.

Hemicellulase is an enzyme that breaks down a specific form of cellulose called hemicellulose, which is a major component of plant cell walls. Grains, fruits, vegetables, and breakfast cereals top the list of fiber-rich foods that have high concentrations of hemicellulose. If hemicellulase levels become too low in the human body, due to an imbalanced gut (unhealthy diet, antibiotics, chemicals, toxins, and our stressed lifestyles), our body’s digestive processes may slow down, hindering the proper absorption of nutrients.

Glucoamylase is an enzyme that digests partially processed starch in vegetables, potatoes, wheat, rice, and corn in order to release glucose that the body can use for energy. In people with deficiency of this enzyme, partially digested starch clumps together, slowing the digestive process and causing constipation, abdominal heaviness, bloating, or even diarrhea when it begins to accumulate. Additionally, undigested starch can become a breeding environment for harmful bacteria if it gets stuck in the intestines.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV cleaves the peptide bond between a proline and another amino acid in proteins. By its action, it facilitates the digestion of proteins, and more particularly, the digestion of gluten for people with intolerance. Although, it is not intended to replace a gluten-free diet or to treat celiac disease, it allows people with gluten intolerance to digest the residual gluten in their diet.

Xylanase is a naturally occurring enzyme that breaks down xylan, a type of cellulose, by cleaving it into a simple sugar called xylose. In the digestive tract, xylanase can break down xylans we eat, liberating more nutrients from vegetables with high fiber content and preventing some of the gas or digestive discomfort that is often associated with fibrous veggies, grains, and legumes. Taking supplemental xylanase can help digest fibrous foods more completely. This helps avoid indigestion and discomfort.

Nattokinase is a powerful proteolytic enzyme and is best known for its benefits on cardiovascular health. Traditionally, nattokinase is extracted from natto, a fermented soybean dish from Japanese cuisine and culture. The organism that produces nattokinase is made by a fermentation process which incorporates the bacteria Bacillus subtilis.

Nattokinase belongs to the group of serine protease enzymes that help reduce blood clotting. This fibrinolytic (anti-clotting) ability makes it an extremely powerful, all-natural enzymatic wellness support agent for the cardiovascular system.

Nattokinase has also been shown to offer relief from joint swelling, which is also related to fibrin formation. Fibrin is a protein created during the blood clotting process. As the name suggests, fibrins form a fibrous mesh which slows and stops blood flow at a wound site, or creates a blood clot in the body. In addition, clinical studies also suggest that nattokinase may reduce the risk of deep vein thrombus formation. It can also break down toxins in the body, cellular debris in the blood, and undigested proteins in the gut. The enzyme is also resistant to the stomach’s highly acidic environment, allowing it to pass to the intestines intact.

Overall health benefits:

• Discourages blood clots from forming and aids in the natural dissolution of existing clots
• Dissolves fibrin and supports the body’s natural ability to keep the blood vessels clean
• Stimulates the body’s natural production of plasmin and other important blood clot dissolving components, such as urokinase
• Supports normal blood pressure by improving normal blood flow
• Improves varicose veins
• May aid in the prevention of poor cardiovascular health
• May reduce the risk of atherosclerosis

Papain is a powerful proteolytic enzyme commonly found in and extracted from the papaya fruit (Carica papaya) as well as papaya leaves and stems. It is also referred to as papaya proteinase.

The papaya enzyme papain plays a key role in digestive processes involving the breaking down of tough protein fibers. This powerhouse enzyme promotes a normal and speedy recovery from sports injuries and may ease muscle soreness. Papain also digests sinus mucin, a glycoprotein found in mucus, and hence may have beneficial effects for people suffering from a congested nose and sinus issues. Papain makes mucus less viscous, or runnier, and hence better able to be eliminated.

Overall health benefits:

• Reduces pain and inflammation
• Reduces the symptoms of sinusitis and sore throats
• Heals wounds and reduces swelling after surgery, injury, or trauma
• Eases muscle soreness
• Reduces the symptoms of shingles
• Aids the digestion of proteins

Proteases have been called biology’s version of Swiss army knives, as they are able to cut long sequences of proteins into fragments so they can be digested. Without these enzymes we would be unable to breakdown protein-rich foods such as lean meat and poultry, eggs, fish and shellfish, milk, nuts, seeds and legumes. This process is called proteolysis, and it turns protein molecules into shorter fragments, called peptides, and eventually into their components, called amino acids. We need a steady supply of amino acids for proper growth and repair.

In addition to breaking down proteins from food, proteases break down proteins involved in swelling and pain and are able to reduce inflammation. They are also involved in cleaning wounds due to skin injuries.

Someone who isn’t consuming or producing enough protease enzymes may experience the following symptoms of deficiency:

• Excess gas
• Cramping
• Heartburn
• Indigestion
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Joint stiffness
• Fatigue
• Premature skin wrinkles
• Gray hair

Since proteases are needed in both the stomach and intestines, we use two types in our formula:

1. Fungal protease that digests proteins within a pH of 4.0–11. Optimal activity is around pH 6, which is found in the small intestines.
2. Acid stable protease that is found in certain microbes and digests proteins within a pH of 2.0–6.0, which is the range found in the stomach and small intestines. Optimal activity is around pH 4.5.

Pectin is a type of fiber that makes up the cell wall of many fruits and vegetables. It’s also used extensively as a thickening agent in processed foods, particularly in jams and jellies. Pectinase helps with the digestion of pectin, increasing its nutritional and prebiotic value.

Cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down the cellulose plant fibers we eat into beta-glucose and short-chain polysaccharides. Almost all species of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa produce cellulase, but humans and animals do not. However, we can break it down only partially via fermentation done by microflora from the large intestine, but we are not able to utilize the energy from the fibrous plants. And this particular mechanism breaks down only some plant fibers. The others are eliminated from the body. Therefore, in order to digest properly the herbs, sprouts and greens, we need cellulose enzyme.

Alpha amylase is the primary starch-digesting enzyme secreted from the salivary glands and pancreas. It breaks down starch into two sugar units, maltose and isomaltose. People who lack this enzyme have trouble digesting foods that are high in starch such breads, grains, cereals, pasta, rice, beans, corn, potatoes and peas.

This enzyme is essential for breaking down complex carbohydrates found in foods like whole grains, cruciferous vegetables and legumes. It targets complex sugars raffinose, stachyose and melibiose. Alpha galactosidase is able to break down a type of galactose-containing fibres called galactomannans and polysaccharides such as galactosides and galactolipids. By doing so, it helps prevent flatulence, abdominal bloating, and stomach pain.

Beta-glucanase represents a group of carbohydrate enzymes which break down glycosidic bonds within beta-glucan. Beta glucan is a polysaccharide made of glucose molecules linked together into long chains that humans cannot readily digest. As a kind of indigestible fiber, they may become viscous in the intestinal tract and slow peristalsis (intestinal contractions) leading to constipation. Hence, beta glucanase supplementation can reduce indigestion, bloating, abdominal discomfort and gas after consuming beta glucan rich foods such as heavy cereal grains including wheat, barley and rye.

Bromelain is a protein-digesting (proteolytic) enzyme mixture found naturally in the stem, fruit, and juice of the pineapple plant. It can break down a variety of types of protein in both acid and alkaline environments. Bromelain assists the body in breaking down very large, complex protein molecules into smaller peptide units or individual amino acids. These smaller peptide units are crucial for the body’s production of muscle tissue, neurotransmitters, and other protein-based molecules.

Many of the enzyme’s benefits, however, come into play when it is absorbed in the small intestine; this absorption leads to its systemic effects such as reducing redness, swelling, and irritation that can wreak havoc on the body’s overall health.

It can also benefit the health of the respiratory tract by reducing respiratory tract secretions’ viscosity. This helps improve lung capacity and function and suppresses coughs and bronchial irritation. It also helps with nasal and sinus congestion. Moreover, bromelain is a direct immunity booster that enhances white blood cells production in immunodeficient people.

Even though bromelain is extracted from pineapple, eating pineapple or drinking its juice doesn’t supply a large enough dose to be effective; hence it needs to be supplemented.

Overall health benefits:

• Reduces swelling, stiffness, and pain caused by joint and muscle inflammation
• Supports wound healing after surgery or burns
• Speeds up healing time after a physical or sports injury by reducing swelling from sprains, strains, bruises, and other minor muscle injuries
• Keeps blood flowing normally – reduces clot formation
• Digests mucus in the lungs and nose leading to the relief of sinusitis, hay fever, and allergies
• Soothes varicose veins and hemorrhoids
• Brightens skin by removing dead skin cells
• Produces anti-cellulite effects
• Improves the digestion of proteins and balances the acidity of the stomach

Zinc is a key micronutrient and trace mineral that is essential for the body in numerous ways, it keeps the immune system strong, helps heal wounds, and supports normal growth. Zinc helps stimulate the activity of at least 100 different enzymes and production of over 3,000 zinc-containing proteins. It also affects how our cells respond to infections and can help keep inflammation under control. Without adequate zinc intake, we may lose the ability to fight off microbes as well as regulate overactive immune responses that lead to inflammation and autoimmune diseases. It is estimated that 20-30% of the world’s population is deficient in zinc. Stress and infections are the most common sudden causes of zinc levels to fall.

Vanadium is an essential trace mineral predominatnly found in the bones bound to phsophates. It helps regulate blood sugar by mimicking the action of insulin. It is also involved in energy transport system called the sodium-potassium ATP pump. Vanadium inhibits this pumping system, which in turn affects the passage of molecules back and forth across our cell membranes. It also stimulates an important enzyme in the body, adenylate cyclase. This enzyme is central to chemical messaging within cells and helps regulate the flow of chemical information throughout the body.

Silica is rarely talked about as an essential mineral for supplementation, but many scientists believe that is exactly what this main ingredient truly is. Silicon promotes firmness and strength in the tissues. It is part of the arteries, tendons, skin, connective tissue, and eyes. Collagen contains silicon, helping hold the body tissues together. Silicon is present with the chondroitin sulfates of cartilage, and it works with calcium to help restore bones. Hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate that can be found in the connective tissue also require silica for their production. Bamboo leaf is an excellent natural source of silica.

Selenium is an essential trace mineral component of various enzymes and proteins, called selenoproteins, that help to make DNA and protect against cell damage and infections. These proteins are also involved in reproduction and the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Selenium also works as a powerful antioxidant protecting the body from oxidative stress damage caused by free radicals and infections.

Potassium is an important body mineral and electrolyte, needed for both cellular and electrical function. It is the primary positive ion (cation) found within the cells, where 98% of potassium in the body is found. Potassium is important in cellular biochemical reactions and energy metabolism; it participates in the synthesis of protein from amino acids in the cell. Potassium also functions in carbohydrate metabolism; it is active in glycogen and glucose metabolism, converting glucose to glycogen, which can be stored in the liver for future energy. Potassium is also essential for normal growth and for building muscle. Potassium deficiency is the most common mineral deficiency worldwide.

Molybdenum is a trace mineral important for several enzyme systems, most significantly that of xanthine oxidase, which supports many functions, including uric acid metabolism and mobilization of iron from the liver for body use.

Manganese is an essential trace mineral important to many enzyme systems in carrying out such functions as energy production, protein metabolism, bone formation, and the synthesis of L-dopamine, cholesterol, and mucopolysaccharides.

Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body. It works as a cofactor and is involved in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body, including protein production, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. It contributes to the structural development of bone and is required for the production of DNA, RNA, and the antioxidant glutathione. Unfortunately, up to 20% of the general population has low magnesium levels.

To achieve different magnesium effects and high bioavailability, we use a combination of four gut-friendly and gentle organic magnesium salts – magnesium bisglycinate, magnesium orotate, magnesium malate, and magnesium taurate, delivering a daily dose of 400 mg elemental magnesium.

Magnesium bisglycinate is a chelated form of magnesium made from elemental magnesium bonded to two molecules of the amino acid glycine. It is recognized as the most bioavailable form of magnesium that can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier, increase magnesium bioavailability in the brain, and help magnesium achieve its brain health benefits including mood support, increased energy, anxiety relief, and sleep-promoting effects. Therefore, it is also a great option for stress resilience, anxiety and depression, better sleep, and reducing the symptoms of restless leg syndrome.

Magnesium orotate includes elemental magnesium bonded to organic orotic acid, a natural substance involved in the body’s construction of DNA and RNA. Magnesium orotate has the additional benefit of carrying magnesium straight into the cells, close to the mitochondria, for better energy metabolism. Hence, it is popular among competitive athletes and fitness enthusiasts as an endurance aid. Early research also suggests that it may promote heart health due to orotic acid’s unique role in the energy production pathways in the heart and blood vessel tissue.

Magnesium malate is an organic salt of magnesium and malic acid that’s highly absorbable. It provides not only the benefits of magnesium, but also those of malic acid. Malic acid is a nutrient that contributes to our energy production by turning food into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that carries energy within our cells. It is a great option for those seeking to improve their muscle performance, boost their mental focus, and reduce post-exercise fatigue. It can also help benefit those with conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.

Magnesium taurate is a chelate of magnesium bonded to the amino acid taurine. Magnesium taurate plays a role in regulating blood sugar. It also supports healthy blood pressure, may promote heart health, and may also pass into the brain resulting in calming effects and reduced anxiety. This form also helps to maintain healthy levels of calcium to support a balanced nervous system.

Iron is probably one of the most important trace minerals found in every cell of the human body. The hemoglobin molecule, essential for carrying oxygen throughout our system, contains 60% to 70% of the body’s iron. If we lack iron, we produce less hemoglobin and therefore supply less oxygen to our tissues. Besides being part of hemoglobin, iron is also a part of myoglobin, a protein needed for proper muscle function. Lack of iron leads to a condition known as iron-deficiency anemia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over two billion people are anemic, about half of these cases are caused by iron deficiency. The iron demandsduring pregnancy and lactation are particularly pronounced due to the increased blood volume, demands of the developing fetus and placenta and blood loss around the time of delivery.

Iodine is a naturally occurring trace mineral required for thyroid hormones production, healthy pregnancy as well as fetal growth and development. The hormones produced by the thyroid depend on sufficient iodine intake and influence various bodily functions such as body temperature, respiration (breathing), heart rate, and digestion. Iodine deficiency can occur in certain populations, particularly individuals who do not regularly consume iodine-rich foods, as well as pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. At a global scale, approximately 2 billion people suffer of iodine deficiency of which approximately 50 million present with clinical manifestations.

Copper is an essential trace mineral present in all body tissues. About 100 mg of copper are stored in the body, with the highest amounts in the muscles, liver and brain tissues. Copper aids in the formation of bone, hemoglobin, and red blood cells. It also works with zinc and Vitamin C to form elastin, the main component of connective tissues. Copper requirements are particularly increased during pregnancy, and suboptimal supply may have adverse effects on developing tissues and organ systems. It is also essential for forming red blood cells. This is especially important during pregnancy, because blood volume increases by about 30 to 50%. Some studies estimate that over 80% of the population may get less than the RDA (0.9 mg/day) for copper from food.

Chromium is considered an “ultra trace mineral,” because it is needed in such small quantities to perform its essential functions. The blood contains about 20 parts per billion (ppb), a fraction of a microgram. Even though it is in such small concentrations, this mineral is essential for reducing the risk of insulin resistance by regulating glucose metabolism and insulin signalling, regulating cholesterol levels and potentially reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. Chromium may also help improve fertility in women with PCOS because it can help to lower insulin levels and as result, testosterone levels are lowered and ovulation stimulated. Insulin resistance is a core condition in PCOS and greatly contributes to hormonal imbalances that cause many PCOS. Some estimations are that 25-50% of American population is chromium deficient.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and among the most important. This mineral constitutes about 1.5% to 2.0% of our body weight. Almost 99% of calcium (about 3 pounds) is contained in our bones and teeth. Except for healthy bones and teeth development and function, calcium is also needed for proper muscle contraction, heart function, neurotransmitters production and release and blood coagulation. Since approximately half of the world’s population has inadequate access to dietary calcium, calcium supplementation is essential.

Boron is essential trace mineral that plays important role in maintaining calcium balance, keeping bones healthy and preventing osteoporosis. It is also beneficial for reproduction, fetal development, brain function, and immunity. A poor diet, high in refined foods and low in wholesome ones, likely provides insufficient boron and may lead to deficiency problems, one of which may be osteoporosis in the elderly.

Biotin is one of the most popular vitamins that is commonly taken for the health care of hair, skin and nails. It acts as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways, making it a necessity for the breakdown of food into fatty acids and amino acids. These building blocks are what the body then uses to generate new cells and proteins within the skin, muscles, bones, nails and hair.

Beta Carotene, which gets its name from the Latin word for carrot, is a carotenoid pigment that gives vivid yellow, orange, and red coloring to vegetables. This antioxidant works as a provitamin A and is converted to vitamin A in the body on an ‘as required’ basis, reducing any potential risk of direct vitamin A toxicity. This makes it safe during pregnancy when high levels of vitamin A itself (retinol) should be avoided. It is essential for healthy skin, eyes and immunity.

Choline is an essential nutrient vital for many body functions, such as nerve signalling, as well as liver and muscle functioning. Choline is a major component of phospholipids (a type of fat), which are important for the structure of every cell in our body. It works with B vitamins (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and riboflavin) in the metabolism of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and amino acids (building blocks of protein). It is also needed for the creation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and to lower blood homocysteine levels, which is important for heart health (high levels are a strong risk factor for heart disease).

Folate is a type of B vitamin, commonly referred to as vitamin B9. It is utilized in the body for a number key functions, the first being DNA synthesis and repair. It is also essential for cellular division, protein synthesis, red blood cell production and maturation and the metabolism of the immune system. The various benefits of folate include improving immune function and inflammatory bowel disease, enhancing cognitive function, and reducing the risk of anemia and cardiovascular-related events. For women of childbearing age, folate is very important because it can help prevent birth defects of the baby’s brain and spinal cord.

Inositol is a B-vitamin-like nutrient with specific functions in our cells. It supports our body’s healthy insulin processing mechanisms and supports our cells to take in glucose (sugar) and produce energy. Inositol can also promote healthy blood fat levels and support mental health. Several studies demonstrated that inositol can reduce the risk of insulin resistance and PCOS development as well as to promote regular monthly periods and support ovarian health in women. Inositol may promote healthy egg and embryo quality in women trying to conceive, especially in those going through fertility procedures.

Rutin, also known as vitamin P, is a bioflavonoid found in certain foods, including apples, figs, most citrus fruits, buckwheat, and green tea. It has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It can strengthen blood vessels, improve blood circulation, lower cholesterol, and relieve arthritis symptoms. All of these effects make rutin the perfect synergist for enhancing the effects of systemic enzymes.

Overall health benefits:

• Boosts heart health
• Improves circulation
• Prevents blood clots
• Relieves arthritis symptoms
• Protects against metabolic diseases
• Protects brain health

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development. It is an antioxidant that helps maintain the connective tissue protein collagen, protects against infection, and helps iron absorption. Severe deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy which may cause potentially severe health consequences.

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is an essential B vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism and the release of energy from foods. It is involved in more than 100 different enzyme reactions and the healthy functioning of red blood cells. The human body also needs vitamin B6 to maintain a strong immune system and boost heart health.

Vitamin B5, or pantothenic acid is essential B vitamin which we need to make coenzyme A (CoA), a chemical compound that helps enzymes to build and break down fatty acids as well as perform other metabolic functions. Vitamin B5 is critical for the production of red blood cells, as well as sex and stress-related hormones.

Vitamin B3 also known as niacin is an essential B vitamin which helps to break down fats and protein, converting our food into energy. It is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which plays a vital role in helping mitochondria—the cell’s powerhouse—to create energy. It supports normal nervous system function, fights fatigue and also helps to keep our skin healthy.Vitamin B3 deficiency results in a condition known as pellagra. Pellagra includes the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea that can be very dangerous.

Vitamin B2 or riboflavin is one of eight essential B vitamins which supports energy production by aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and thyroid activity. Riboflavin also helps in the prevention or treatment of many types of eye disorders, including some cases of cataracts. The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency (also known as ariboflavinosis) include skin disorders, hyperemia (excess blood) and edema of the mouth and throat, angular stomatitis (lesions at the corners of the mouth), cheilosis (swollen, cracked lips) and hair loss among the most common.

Vitamin B12 also known as cobalamin is an essential B vitamin which is crucial for DNA synthesis, nerve tissue health, brain function, production of red blood cells. and maintenance of a healthy immune system. Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to a type of anemia known as megaloblastic anemia in which red blood cells are too large and unable to move from bone marrow to the bloodstream. Fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, tingling sensation in hands and legs and brain fog are all symptoms of low vitamin B12.

Vitamin B1 or thiamin is one of the eight essential B vitamins that plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is needed for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart, nervous and digestive systems. Vitamin B1 deficiency can lead to disease called beriberi that can negatively affect the cardiovascular system or central nervous system.

Vitamin A (also knwon as retinol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for healthy vision, skin, growth, reproduction, embryogenesis, bone development, blood cells production and brain development. It is also important for the maintenance of the proper functioning of the immune system. Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and night blindness.

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that we need for good health. It helps the body absorb calcium. Together with calcium, vitamin D helps protect from developing osteoporosis, a disease that thins and weakens the bones and makes them more likely to break. The body needs vitamin D for other functions too. Muscles need it to move, and nerves need it to carry messages between brain and the body. Immune system needs vitamin D to fight off invading bacteria and viruses.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found in many foods. In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. The body also needs vitamin E to boost its immune system so that it can fight off invading bacteria and viruses. It helps to widen blood vessels avnd keep blood from clotting within them. In addition, cells use vitamin E to interact with each other and to carry out many important functions.

Vitamin K2 or menaquinone (MK) is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone and blood vessels health. MK-7 is a natural-source of vitamin K2 that absorbs well and is the most bioactive form of vitamin K2. Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3 work together very well in regulating calcium levels in our bodies. Vitamin D3 ensures that dietary calcium is absorbed easily through the gut, while vitamin K2 (MK-7) activates the protein called osteocalcin which integrates calcium straight into the bone. Moreover, Vitamin K2 (MK-7) activates matrix GLA protein (MGP) to bind excess calcium from the blood preventing arterial calcification, promoting arterial flow and flexibility and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Vitamin K1or phylloquinone is a fat-soluble vitamin found in the greatest amounts in green leafy plants where it plays a major role in the plant’s photosynthesis. In our bodies vitamin K1 plays two essential roles. It’s required for our blood to clot and it is also a potent anti-inflammatory nutrient. Although rare, vitamin K1 deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding (‘hemorrhage’), which may begin as blood oozing from the gums or nose.